Blunt weapons

The flail, also known as smržovka, is a medieval weapon predominantly used between the 13th and 15th centuries, made famous by the Hussites in Bohemia. It typically consists of a striking part, most often a spiked metal ball, attached to a wooden handle by a chain up to one meter long. However, there are various versions of this weapon. The flail is often confused with the morning star or the threshing flail, which are distinct weapons.

The origins of the flail can be traced back to the 10th century in Kievan Rus. However, in medieval Western Europe, this type of weapon was less widespread, as evidenced by the scarcity of archaeological finds. In English, both the flail and the threshing flail are referred to by the same term, "flail." In Poland and Eastern Europe, the weapon is known as kiścień or kistěň, though distinguishing between the flail and the threshing flail is challenging in this context. In the Ottoman Empire, the flail was called gurz, which, unlike European versions, featured a smooth ball without spikes.

The use of the flail in combat had its advantages and disadvantages. Among its benefits was that the force of impact did not transfer to the handle, it was difficult to block with a shield, and its motion provided some degree of protection to the wielder. The disadvantages included the need for space to swing it, an increased risk of striking oneself or allies, and more challenging handling compared to rigid weapons.

The flail remains a fascinating artifact of medieval warfare, reflecting the ingenuity and adaptability of the warriors of that era.