This piece of jewellery is based on a late medieval pilgrim badge depicting the story of Aristotle and Phyllis. This motif was highly popular throughout the High and Late Middle Ages and was primarily intended as a source of amusement.
The badge depicts Phyllis riding Aristotle, holding a whip as she leads him through a garden. His unfulfilled desire is symbolised by his prominently depicted erect phallus. The original model for this pilgrim badge originates from the Netherlands and belongs to the group of medieval erotic badges that were widespread in the region.
Like the original medieval pilgrim badges, the reverse features a flat fastening pin with a catch, allowing the badge to be securely attached to clothing. It also includes a small loop, enabling it to be worn as a pendant on a necklace if desired.
The Story of Aristotle and Phyllis
The medieval tale of Aristotle and Phyllis presents the motif of the wise man who is seduced, outwitted, and publicly humiliated by a beautiful woman.
King Philip of Macedon entrusts the famous philosopher Aristotle with the education of his son Alexander. However, Alexander falls so deeply in love with the beautiful Phyllis that he neglects his studies. Aristotle therefore insists that the lovers be separated, partly because he himself has developed feelings for Phyllis.
Feeling deprived of her love, Phyllis decides to take revenge on Aristotle. When Aristotle offers her money in exchange for spending the night with him, she appears to accept, but on one condition: Aristotle must carry her through the garden like a horse.
Phyllis places a saddle on his back and rides him through the garden while singing a love song. The queen and the ladies of the court happen to witness the scene. Aristotle becomes an object of ridicule and disgrace, eventually fleeing to a distant land where he reflects upon the destructive power of desire.
Historical Significance of the Motif
The motif of the wise man humbled by a clever woman has been known since the 5th century and also appears in Chinese, Arabic, and Persian literature. It most likely reached Europe during the Crusades and became a popular subject between the 13th and 16th centuries.
Besides literary works, the motif was widely represented in the visual arts of the Late Middle Ages. It decorated many objects of everyday courtly life, including knife handles, combs, sculptures, and architectural reliefs on churches and cathedrals.
- Size: 3.8 × 4 cm
- Material: Bronze
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